Monitoring Traffic Graphing iha MikroTik

  Bainhira Instalasaun/Jaringan Atu Harii hotu ona no la'o ho di'ak, Buat ne'ebé lo-loos ita Iha Obrigasaun Atu halo Memonitoring Jaringan Tanba ne'e Monitoring ne'ebé ha'u halo iha nee monitoring Hardware nian mai husi ne'e katak resource Router, Switch, ka perangkat jaringan sira seluk, no mós monitoring Traffic iha jaringan ne'e Rasik. Ema barak Tebes tool MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher) atu memonitoring traffic no resource perangkat jaringan di'ak ne'e Cacti, Zabbix, no mós Nagios.

maibé hodi ita atu halo instalasaun no konfigurasaun Tool MRTG ne'ebé ha'u fó sai ona iha leten bele halo uluk Network Administrator susar liu, ba sira ne'ebé la iha esperiénsia. kontinua oinsá nia solusaun iha ka lae? Se iha Mikrotik router, ema-lubun nebe halo graphing tool maibe iha nee ha'u bele atu monitor sira nebe uza  Internet iha jaringan ka resource husi router Mikrotik ne'e rasik mak ilas graph ne'ebé bele iha akses via web browser.

Tool Graphing ne'ebé ha'u ko'alia ne'e katak tool graphing ne'ebé serbí iha router mikrotik la hamutuk ho ita tenke installa, la hanesan ho tool MRTG hanesan ne'ebé ohin ha'u fó sai ona iha leten ne'ebé ita tenke installa iha PC Server, tool graphing ne'ebé sei iha, ha'u atu koalia artikel tempu ne'e sai hanesan tool Built ona ida-ne'ebé in iha router MikroTik. tan ne'e ita la presiza hamoos ninia instalasaun nebe iha nanis.

Dalan ne'ebé atu ativa Fitur Graphing iha MikroTik nee atu ativa MRTG graphing atu fitur ka iha Mikrotik fasil atu gengs tebes. oinsá atu Login de'it ba ninia router mikrotik via WinBox, depois ne'e TOOLS >-Graphing >-klik nu' udar sinál plus (+) atu hatutan deit.

liha default, tool graphing iha MikroTik seidauk fo sai ka mosu iha data ka graph apapun akses web browser bainhira via iha, atu bele mosu graph user sira  nebe uza internet ka traffic iha ema ida husi interface router iha parameter balu ne'ebé sei iha setting ne'e: Graphing Setting, harii ona iha tempu ne'ebé imi 

presiza atu halibur data ne'ebé sei iha tampilkan iha betuk graphs (grafik) Allow Address, range IP Address ne'ebé iha perbolehkan atu mengakses informasi graphs iha router MikroTik.

ezemplu mosu iha ne'e traffic ha'u sei informasi user sira nebe uza  internet iha Interface wlan1 no ether2 LAN-ilas graphs atu nune'e ha'u bele assessu via browser web ninia, klik nu'udar sinál plus [+] atu hatutan tan depois ne'e terntukan interface ne'ebé sei iha graph iha parameter interface no se klik ona Apply tuirmai OK.

se ida ne'ebé deside tiha ona interface ne'ebé sei iha graph, no hakarak atu haree bele hare iha via browser akses web nebe iha  ho formatu IP_RouterMikrotik/graphs, ezemplu iha iP MikroTik nebe iha port ne'e: 192.168.88.1/graphs no rezultadu iha okos tuir mai nebe sin gengs.

klik iha interface ida ne'ebé sei monitoring nia traffik user nebe uza, se ita hetan ona konfigurasaun  ninia ne'e sei sai hanesan ne'e: 

tool ne'e mós bele hatudu graph Resource Hardware hanesan CPU, Memory no RAM, ka bele mós atu hamosu  graph Queue.

NOTE:  atu sai fasil ne'e: bainhira traffiku jaringan monitoring iha tan ho ema-lubun fitur graphing MikroTik konsekuensi, ne'ebá iha de'it ho atu ativa fitur graphing iha router mikrotik tan ne'e sei halo naha todan router na'in sai barak liután. tan ne'e hodi uza mikrotik router tan ne'ebé ho spesifikasaun ne'ebé hanesan ha'u fó konsellu atu la ativa fitur graphing nebe iha router mikrotik.

obrigado barak..

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lingua programasaun

   

Iha siensia da komputasaun, low-level programming language hanesan lingua programasaun ne'ebe fornese oituan ou laiha abstraksaun husi komputador nia instrusan.

em geralmente ne'e refere ba kodiku makina (Machine code) ou linggua assembly (assembly language). lia fuan "low" refere ba kiik, ou nia abstrakasaun oituan entre lingua ho machine language (lingua makina), tamba ne'e, low-level language, dalaruma deskreve hanesan (besik ba hardware) .

low-level language bele converte ba kodiku makina, no ita la presidia atu compile fali. tamba kodiku sira ne'ebe ita hakerek no ita bele halao direita iha processor. program ne'ebe hakerek iha low-level language, bainhira atu halao lais deit. no presija deit memoir oituan atu halao, kompara ho program ne'ebe nia nia resultadu hanesan, ne'ebe halo iha high-level language, todan lahalimar. low-level language simples, maibe difisil atu usa ba umanu nia necesariu loron-loron. tamba bust barak kona ba teknikal nian ne'ebe detail tebes, its tenke memoriza.

husi komparasaun ne'e, high-level programming language isola atu exekuta semantic husi arsitektur komputador nian, husi espesifikasaun program, ne'ebe simplifika iha dezenvolvimento nian. 

Low-level programming languages dalaruma fahe ba iha category rua make: gerasaun premeiro no segundo gerasaun.

Machine code (kodiku makina)

Kodiku makina (Machine code) hanesan lingua microprocessor deit, ne'ebe bele prosesu direita, no la presija transformasaun. Ohin loron, programadores sira ladun hakerek direita iha kodiku makina. (machine code), tamba requer atensaun ba buat barak ne'ebe detailhu, enquantu  iha high-level language sei alca ho automatika, no mos requer memoria ou hare tuir kodiku sira iha kada instrusaun ne'ebe usa. ho rasaun ida ne'e, gerasaun segundu ba lingua programasaun (second generation programming languages) fornese leve abstraksaun ida iha makina kode nia leten.  

Ezemplu: Funsaun iha kodiku makina 32-bit x86 atu kalkula  nth numeru Fibonacci: 

8B542408 83FA0077 06B80000 0000C383

FA027706 B8010000 00C353BB 01000000

B9010000 008D0419 83FA0376 078BD98B

C84AEBF1 5BC3

Lingua assembly its la konsidera nia hanesan lingua programasaun tamba nia laiha semantic no laiha espesifikasaun, so que nia hamosu deit kodiku op hodi ita bele le'e.  

Ezemplu: Kalkulator numeru Fibonacci balun hanesan tuir mai ne'e, maibe iha x86 assembly usa syntax MASM:

fib:

    mov edx, [esp+8]

    cmp edx, 0

    ja @f

    mov eax, 0

    ret

    

    @@:

    cmp edx, 2

    ja @f

    mov eax, 1

    ret

    

    @@:

    push ebx

    mov ebx, 1

    mov ecx, 1

    

    @@:

        lea eax, [ebx+ecx]

        cmp edx, 3

        jbe @f

        mov ebx, ecx

        mov ecx, eax

        dec edx

    jmp @b

    

    @@:

    pop ebx

    ret

Low-level programming iha high-level languages nia laran

Experimenta ho hardware ne'ebe suporta high-level language iha tinan 1960, hanesan mata dalan ba PL/S, BLISS, BCPL, no extendido do ALGOL ba Burroughs large systems ne'ebe use ba low-level programming. FORTH mos iha applikasaun nudar system lingua, oinsamos, lingua maka say hanesan pre-eminent iha system programasaun maka C ne'e ona. 

C konsidera hanesan lingua programasaun terceiro gerasaun, desde halo nia strutura no nia abstracts husi kodiku makina (historikamente, laiha lingua programasaun segundo gerasaun, maibe partikularmente nia appropria ba low-level programming). 

Oinsamos, ohin loron programador komputador bele mos konsidera C hanesan low-level, tamba nia kekurangan ne'e presisa runtime-system barak, (laiha garbage collection no seluk tan (nst)). basicamente suporta deit ba operasaun skalar, no forneser addressing memory direita. C iha abilidade atu abstract husi leve makina, katak kodiku balu bele compile ba plataforma hardware ne'ebe diferente. oinsamos, fine-gained control iha leve systema sei iha posibilidade atu fornece ne'e ba iha targetu plataforma ne'ebe diak ba certain broadly-defined features iha fatin. hanesan modelu flat memory, no memory ne'e fahe ba bytes. Programasuan C bele fornece motante  husi tweaking ne'ebe diak, dalabarak implementa iha Conditional compilation, ba targetu plataforma ne'ebe diferente. Prosesu adaptasaun programa systema ba plataforma ne'ebe diferente,ne'ebe konyesidu hanesan porting.

Ezemplu: Funsaun atu kalkula nth numeru Fibonacci iha C

unsigned int fib(unsigned int n)

{

    if (n <= 0)

        return 0;

    else if (n <= 2)

        return 1;

    else {

        int a,b,c;

        a = 1;

        b = 1;

        while (1) {

            c = a + b;

            if (n <= 3) return c;

            a = b;

            b = c;

            n--;

        }

    }

}

Signifikadu Relativu

Termos high-level no low-level ne'e nia inerentemente (inherently) relativu, dekada hirak liu ba, lingua C, no lingua program seluk ne'ebe nia strutura atu hanesan, dala barak konsidera hanesan  "high-level". ohin loron programador barak mak refere ba C konsidera hanesan low-level.

Lingua assembly bele konsidera an hanesan level a'as (higher level) (maibe dala barak sei one-to-one, karik la uja ho macros) representasaun  husi kodiku makina, nudar suportasaun konseptu, havesan konstanta no (limitadu) ekspresaun, dalaruma ba variabel sira, procedures, no strutura dadus. Machine code,  nudar inerentemente iha leve a'as que microcode ou micro-operations, ne'ebe usa interna iha processor barak.

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Saida mak Lingua Programming "(Versaun C++)

   

 Lingua programming (lingua programasaun) ita sei estuda lingua prograsauan ne'ebe limita ba iha C++ deit, tamba lingua ne'e popular duni iha mundo programasaun, programas desktop ba windows, linux, MAC os smartphone no seluk tan usa progarama ida ne'e hodi develop games sira, no programa seluk tan ne'ebe fo'o benefisiu ba ita nia nesesariu, ne'ebe usa hanesan ezame ba AP nian komesa husi 1998, molok tama iha ne'e sie usa Pascal. C++ ho pascal nudar nivel a'as ba lingua porgramasaun nian. dala ruma ita boot sira rona mos hanesan Java,  C no FORTRAN.

nia konklusaun map, hanaran "high-level language," iha mos low-level language, dalaruma refere ba iha lingua makina ou lingua assembly. habadak dada lia naruk iha ne'e, komputador bell executa deit prgoramas hirak ne'ebe hakerek ho program lingua low level, hanesan mos, programas ne'ebe hakerek ho lingua hight level atu traduce molok bell halao nia. tradusaun ne'e lori tempo, ida ne'emak disadvantage husi lingua high level.

Maibe, nia vantagem baraka liu; 

Premeiru; fasil ba programa iha lingua high-level, husi "fasil" katak gasta tempo oituan deit hodi hakerek, badak no fasil atu le'e, no bainhira ita hakerek nia statement ruma ne'ebe sala, sistema autmatiku sei prefere atu usa alternativo lia fuan ne'ebe compativel atu usa, . 

 Segundu; lingua high-level portable liu, katak its bell halao iha operasaun sistema komputadores differente ho modifika nia kodiku oituan deit ou dala ruma ita la modifika nia kodiku. lingua low-level bele deit lao iha partikular operasuan sistema komputador, nno ita presija hakerek fila fali hodi ita bele usa iha operasaun systema seluk.

ho advantagen hirak ne'e, quasi programs hotu-hptu hakerek iha lingua high-level. lingua low-level use deit ba aplikasaune special. 

iha dalan rua atu tradus programa sira, maka; interpretar ou kompilar (interpreting or compiling). interpretar hanesan program ida atu le'e high-level program no halo tuir saida mak orienta ba, tradus linha por linha, alternative seluk mak hasai nia komandos. 

Kompiler nudar programa ida ne'ebe atu le'e program high-level no tradus dal a ida deit, molok atu eksekuta comandos sira. Dala barak ita kompil programa ho pasu ketak ketak, depois mak ita eksekuta  kodiku. iha kasu ne'e, programa high-level bolu nia kodiku source, no tradus fali program ne'e ita bolu kodiku objetu (object code) ou excutable.

por ezemplu, its bell hakerek C++ use text editor hanesan notepad atu hakerek program sir a ne'e, tamba text editor hanesan text editor ne'ebe simples, bainhira finaliza program,  bainhira hotu its bell save, ou rai file nia naran  no ekstensaun/suffixu .cpp, ne'ebe "program" its bell tau kualker saran, hanesan "test" depois nia suffixu make ".cpp" rue ne'e tau hamutuk say hanesan "test.cpp" ne'e ema programador hatene katak file ne'e iha kodiku source c++ nian.

depois depende iha enviromental saida mak ita gosta atu usa hodi hakerek, kodiku C++ nian no kompile, ne'e depende ba programador ida2 ninian, tamba nudar ema nia gostu lahanesan, hau prefere liu atu usa notepad.exe iha windows ou TextWrangler iha MAC atu hakerek kodiku C++ no compile ho  DMC, gcc no seluk tan, tools barak mak usa hodi kompile C++.

compiler sei le'e kodiku source , trades no kris file foun hanaran program.o atu kontamina kodiku objetu (object code) ou program.exe atu ita bele exekuta mak hanaran "executable file"

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Programasaun iha delphi

  Iha neʼe, ita iha ezemplu balun kona-ba servisu no projetu sira ne ' ebé mak haʼu iha hala'o iha lian programming delphi. Ida ne'e ba lian ida-ne ' ebé visual no sasán sira lori ba ekran. Objetivu ne'e karik ne'e mós atu halakon nian hotu-hotu husi bouncing bola hasoru bat nian, haʼu mós implementa sistema wealth ida ho lidera ida

Picture 1

Projetu seluk ne ' ebé mak haʼu halo iha delphi ne ' ebé mak programa password simples ida, ba password ne'e rai hela ba variável ida no saida mak uluk nia uzuáriu tau iha testu kaixa, nia sei kompara ida-neʼe ho saida mak rai hela iha variável.

picture 2

Favór ida ignora faktu katak calculator binary ida ne'e, programa password ne ' ebé halo haʼu sai hanesan kuaze kona-ba oinsá mak ida-neʼe haree. moos ida nee.

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Kluster komputer

 

Dalam ilmu komputer dan jaringan komputer adalah sekumpulan komputer independen yang beroperasi serta bekerja secara erat dan terlihat oleh klien jaringan seolah-olah komputer-komputer tersebut adalah satu buah unit komputer.

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